Table of Contents
Here are some study notes on the grammar and spelling topics. #
1. Nouns #
- Definition: A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
- Common Nouns: General names, like “dog,” “city,” “car.”
- Proper Nouns: Specific names, like “John,” “London,” “Toyota.” (Always capitalized)
2. Verbs #
- Definition: A verb is a word that described an action or the state of a thing.
- Action Verbs: “Run,” “jump,” “eat.”
- State of of a thing: “Is,” “are,” “was.”
- Example: The boy is jumping over the fence
3. Adjectives #
- Definition: An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun.
- Examples: “Happy,” “blue,” “tall.”
- Purpose: Adjectives give more information about a noun or pronoun, like size, color, or quantity.
- Example: The tall boy was very happy (boy is the noun and tall, happy are the adjective)
4. Adverbs #
- Definition: An adverb is a word that describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
- Examples: “Quickly,” “very,” “yesterday.”
- Purpose: Adverbs tell us how, when, where, or to what extent something happens.
- Example: The girl sings beautifully (girl is the noun, sings is the verb, beautifully is the adverb describing the very)
5. Pronouns #
- Definition: A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.
- Examples: “He,” “she,” “it,” “they.”
- Purpose: Pronouns are used to avoid repeating nouns.
- Example: Tom lost his keys, but he found them later (the pronouns are his and he. We use them to avoid repeating the noun Tom. This is how the sentence will be without pronouns. “Tom lost Tom’s keys but Tom found them later”
6. Conjunctions #
- Definition: A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses.
- Examples: “And,” “but,” “or.”
- Purpose: Conjunctions help to join ideas together in a sentence.
- Example: I wanted to go to the park, but it started raining. (but is the conjunction that is connecting two sentence. “I wanted to go to the park.”……..”It started raining.”
8. Spelling Tips #
- Commonly Misspelled Words: Some words are often misspelled because they don’t follow regular spelling rules. Here are a few:
- “Receive” (Remember: “i” before “e” except after “c”)
- “Definitely” (Don’t forget the “e” after “t”)
- “Believe” (Remember: “i” before “e”)
9. Compound Words #
- Definition: A compound word is formed when two or more words are joined together to create a new word with a new meaning.
- Examples: “Toothbrush,” “sunflower.”
- Types:
- Closed Compounds: Words are joined together without spaces (e.g., “toothbrush”).
- Hyphenated Compounds: Words are joined with a hyphen (e.g., “mother-in-law”).
- Open Compounds: Words are written separately (e.g., “post office”).
10. Plural Forms #
- Definition: Plurals are forms of nouns that indicate more than one.
- Regular Plurals: Most nouns form the plural by adding “-s” or “-es” (e.g., “cats,” “buses”).
- Irregular Plurals: Some nouns have irregular plural forms (e.g., “child” becomes “children,” “mouse” becomes “mice”).
11. Contractions #
- Definition: A contraction is a shortened form of two words, where an apostrophe replaces the missing letters.
- Examples:
- “Do not” becomes “don’t.”
- “Cannot” becomes “can’t.”
- “I will” becomes “I’ll.”
