Test – States of matter

Name the three main states of matter and give an example of each.

Describe the particle arrangement and movement in solids, liquids, and gases.

Explain why gases can be easily compressed while solids cannot.

Define the following changes of state: melting, freezing, evaporation, and condensation.

What happens to the temperature of a substance during a change of state? Explain your answer.

Describe what happens to the particles in ice when it is heated from -10°C to 110°C.

A gas is contained in a sealed syringe at room temperature. The volume of the gas is 50 cm³. Explain what happens to the gas particles when the plunger is pushed in, reducing the volume to 25 cm³.

Complete the following table with “Yes” or “No”:

Explain why diffusion occurs more quickly in gases than in liquids.

What happens to the average kinetic energy of particles when the temperature of a substance increases? How does this affect particle movement?

A perfume bottle is opened at the front of a classroom. A student at the back of the room can smell the perfume after some time. Explain this observation using the particle model.

Draw a simple diagram showing the arrangement of particles in:

1. A solid
2. A liquid
3. A gas

Water has a fixed volume but takes the shape of its container. Using the particle model, explain why this happens.

Ice floats on water. What does this tell us about the densities of solid and liquid water? Why is this unusual compared to most other substances?

For each of the following changes of state, state whether energy is absorbed or released:

1. Freezing
2. Evaporation
3. Condensation
4. Melting