Answers – Workbook Unit 7 – Nutrition

Core Questions:

1. Answer:

   • a) soft bones and teeth: Calcium or Vitamin D
   • b) dehydration: Water
   • c) constipation: Fibre
   • d) scurvy: Vitamin C

2. Answer:

   a) Nutritional analysis of the meal:

   Advantage 1: High protein content (45g total)

   Explanation: The burger has lots of protein which helps build muscles and grow taller.

   Advantage 2: Provides energy (5160 kJ total)

   Explanation: This meal gives enough energy for playing sports and daily activities.

   Disadvantage 1: No vitamin C

   Explanation: Without vitamin C the body cannot fight infections and could get scurvy disease.

   Disadvantage 2: Very high fat content (37g total)

   Explanation: Too much fat makes you gain weight and can block your heart arteries.

   b) Long-term effects:

   1. The person will become very fat because this meal has too much energy and fat.
   2. They will get scurvy because there is no vitamin C to keep them healthy.

   c) Balanced diet:

   i) Definition: A diet that has all the different nutrients your body needs in the right amounts to stay healthy and give you energy for everything you do.

   ii) Missing food group: Fruits and vegetables

3. Answer:

   [DIAGRAM: Digestive system diagram showing labeled parts A-H]
   A = Mouth, B = Oesophagus, C = Stomach, D = Small intestine, E = Large intestine, F = Liver, G = Pancreas, H = Rectum

4. Answer:

   Name	incisor	canine	premolar	molar
   Description	flat, sharp edge	slightly more pointed than incisors	four/five cusps, two/three roots	large, flat surface with cusps
   Function	biting off pieces of food	tearing and grinding food	crushing and grinding	grinding and chewing

5. Answer:

   a) Chemical digestion definition: When enzymes break down big food pieces into tiny pieces that can go into your blood. This changes the food completely so your body can use it.

   b) Enzyme table:

   Enzyme	Where secreted	Substrate	Product(s)
   amylase	1. Salivary glands 2. Pancreas	Starch	Maltose
   lipase	1. Pancreas 2. Small intestine	Fats/lipids	1. Fatty acids 2. Glycerol
   protease	1. Stomach 2. Pancreas	Proteins	1. Amino acids 2. Peptides

Supplement Questions:

6. Answer – Role of bile:

   a) Physical digestion:

   • Bile breaks big fat drops into tiny fat drops so they are easier to digest.
   • This makes more surface area for the fat-eating enzymes to work on.

   b) Chemical digestion:

   • Bile stops the stomach acid from being too strong in the small intestine.
   • This makes the right conditions for pancreas enzymes to work properly.

Exam-style Questions:

1. Answer:

   1 type of tooth: Incisors

   function: Cut and bite off pieces of food

   2 type of tooth: Molars

   function: Grind and crush food into smaller pieces

2. Answer:

   [DIAGRAM: Cross-section of human tooth]
   A = Enamel, B = Dentine, C = Pulp cavity, D = Gum, E = Cement, F = Root, G = Blood vessels and nerves

   ii) Type of tooth: Molar

   Explanation: It has many roots and a big flat top for grinding food like back teeth do.

   b) i) Hardest layer: Enamel

   ii) Vitamin: Vitamin D

   Mineral: Calcium

3. Answer: A – vitamin C

4. Answer:

   a) i) Enzyme: Amylase

   ii) Product: Maltose (or glucose)

   iii) Two uses:

   1. To give energy for the baby plant to grow
   2. To build new plant parts like roots and leaves

   iv) Physical differences:

   1. Starch cannot dissolve in water but glucose can dissolve easily
   2. Starch molecules are huge but glucose molecules are very small

   b) Reasons why water is needed:

   1. The enzymes inside the seed need water to start working
   2. Water carries food and nutrients to different parts of the growing plant

Supplement Questions continued:

5. Answer:

   Part	Name	Function
   A	Liver	Makes bile to help digest fats
   B	Small intestine	Takes in all the good nutrients from food into the blood

   b) Type of food digested in organ C: Fats/lipids

6. Answer:

   a) Two reasons why Quorn sausages are healthier:

   1. They have much less bad fat (0.6g vs 2.7g) which means your heart stays healthier
   2. They have lots of fibre (55g vs 0g) which helps you go to toilet properly and digest food better

   b) i) Additional iron source: Green leafy vegetables like spinach

   ii) Function of iron: Iron helps make red blood cells that carry oxygen around your body

   iii) Effects of iron deficiency: You feel very tired and weak all the time and your skin looks pale