Table of Contents
Oxides: #
- Compounds containing oxygen bonded to another element
- Metal oxides are typically basic (e.g., CaO, Na₂O)
- Non-metal oxides are acidic (e.g., CO₂, SO₂)
Sulphates (SO₄²⁻): #
- Contains sulfur and oxygen in a 1:4 ratio ( 1 Sulfur and 4 Oxygen)
- Most sulphates are soluble in water
- Common examples: copper sulphate (CuSO₄), sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄)
Nitrates (NO₃⁻): #
- Nitrates are ionic compounds that contain the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻). The nitrate ion consists of one nitrogen atom covalently bonded to three oxygen atoms, giving it an overall charge of -1.
- All nitrates are soluble in water
- Examples of Nitrates are:
- Magnesium Nitrate Mg(NO₃)₂ – Used in fertilizers
- Sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) – Used in food preservation
- Potassium nitrate (KNO₃) – Used in fertilizers
- Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂) – Common fertilizer for tomato plants
Ammonium (NH₄⁺): #
- Ammonium (NH₄⁺) is a positively charged ion compound formed by adding a hydrogen ion (H⁺) to an ammonia molecule (NH₃). It consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms, giving it an overall charge of +1.Positive ion containing nitrogen and hydrogen
- All ammonium salts are soluble in water
- Common compounds: ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl), ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄)
Hydroxides (OH⁻): #
- Contains oxygen and hydrogen
- Common Hydroxides are:
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) – Also known as caustic soda, used in soap making
- Potassium hydroxide (KOH) – Used in battery production
Manganate(VII) (MnO₄⁻): #
- Purple colored compund containing Manganese in +7 oxidation state
- Common example are:
- Potassium Manganate – Used as a disinfectant and in water treatment
