- There are 15 questions across three sections (A, B, and C).
- Answer all questions.
- Write your answers in the lined spaces provided.
- The marks available are shown in brackets at the end of each question.
Define the term urbanisation.
What is meant by natural increase in the context of urban growth?
State the two main causes of rapid urban growth in Low Income Countries (LICs).
What is the rural–urban fringe?
Give three examples of opportunities that urban living provides.
Describe one social push factor and one social pull factor that cause rural–urban migration in LICs.
Explain why cities in High Income Countries (HICs) tend to have slower urban growth rates than cities in LICs.
Describe two challenges of rapid urban growth related to housing.
State what an unplanned settlement is. Give two challenges faced by people living in one.
Describe two ways in which urban sprawl affects the rural–urban fringe.
This question is about the causes of rapid urban growth in LICs.
(a) State one environmental push factor that causes people to leave the countryside and migrate to a city. [1]
(b) State one political pull factor that attracts people to move to a city in an LIC. [1]
(c) Explain why rapid urban growth in LICs is caused by both rural–urban migration and natural increase happening at the same time, rather than just one cause on its own. [4]
This question is about opportunities and challenges of rapid urban growth.
(a) Describe one opportunity that cities provide related to economic development. [1]
(b) Explain how inequality can develop in a rapidly growing city. [3]
(c) Explain how poor service provision and inequality are linked to each other in rapidly growing cities. [4]
This question is about urban sprawl and the rural–urban fringe.
(a) Define the term urban sprawl. [1]
(b) Describe three impacts of urban sprawl on the rural–urban fringe and surrounding areas. [4]
(c) Explain why the loss of farmland due to urban sprawl is considered a particularly serious impact. [3]
This question is about waste management in rapidly growing cities.
(a) Describe one challenge that rapidly growing cities face in managing waste. [2]
(b) Explain how unplanned settlements make waste management more difficult in rapidly growing cities. [3]
(c) Explain how poor waste management can affect the health of city residents. [3]
“Cities in different parts of the world are growing at very different speeds.”
Explain why urban growth rates vary globally. Refer to at least three factors in your answer.
