IGCSE Biology | Practice Test | 25 Questions
Name the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body.
Name the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the right atrium.
Name the blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
Name the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.
Name all three blood vessels connected to the liver.
Name the two blood vessels connected to the kidneys.
State the two types of tissue found in the walls of arteries and veins (but not in capillaries).
Which type of blood vessel — artery, vein, or capillary — has valves along its length?
State how thick the wall of a capillary is.
State two structural differences between an artery and a vein.
Explain why the walls of arteries must be thick and contain large amounts of elastic tissue.
Explain why veins have a wider lumen than arteries.
A student examines a cross-section of a blood vessel under a microscope. The wall is only one cell thick and the lumen is very narrow.
(a) Identify the type of blood vessel.
(b) Explain why this wall thickness is suitable for the blood pressure found in this vessel.
Explain why arteries do not need valves, but veins do.
Explain why the renal artery must have a thicker wall than the renal vein.
Describe what would happen to blood flow in the legs if the valves in the veins stopped working. Explain your answer using your knowledge of blood pressure in veins.
Name the blood vessel that:
(a) carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the liver
(b) carries blood rich in digested nutrients from the small intestine to the liver
(c) carries filtered blood from the kidneys back to the vena cava
A blood vessel has the following features: very thick wall with large amounts of muscle and elastic tissue; narrow lumen; no valves. Identify the type of blood vessel and explain why each of these features is present.
Describe how blood pressure changes as blood travels from the aorta, through the capillaries, and into the veins. Explain why the pressure changes at each stage.
State two structural differences between a capillary and a vein.
Compare the structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries. In your answer, refer to each of the following:
(a) the relative thickness of the wall
(b) the composition of the wall (types of tissue present)
(c) the diameter of the lumen
(d) the presence or absence of valves
This question is about how the structure of blood vessels is related to blood pressure.
(a) Explain how the elastic tissue in artery walls helps to maintain blood flow between heartbeats.
(b) Explain why veins need valves but arteries do not. Refer to blood pressure in your answer.
(c) Explain why capillary walls do not contain muscle or elastic tissue. Refer to blood pressure in your answer.
A student examines two blood vessel cross-sections under a microscope and records these observations:
- Vessel X: thick wall, narrow lumen, no valves visible
- Vessel Y: thin wall, wide lumen, valves present
(a) Identify vessel X and vessel Y.
(b) Explain the structural differences between X and Y in terms of the blood pressure each vessel carries.
(c) Predict what would happen to blood flow if the valves in vessel Y stopped working. Use your knowledge of blood pressure to explain your answer.
This question is about the named blood vessels in the human body.
(a) Name the blood vessel that: (i) carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the liver; (ii) carries blood away from the liver to the vena cava; (iii) carries blood from the small intestine to the liver.
(b) The pulmonary artery and the pulmonary vein have names that appear to suggest the opposite of what they carry. State what is unusual about the blood each vessel transports.
(c) Describe the complete route blood takes from the left ventricle to the kidneys and back to the right atrium. Name every blood vessel along the route.
This question asks you to apply your knowledge of blood vessel structure.
(a) The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It receives blood directly from the left ventricle with each heartbeat. Explain why the aorta needs especially large amounts of elastic tissue in its wall.
(b) Blood in the veins of the legs must travel upward, against gravity, back to the heart. Explain two structural features of leg veins that help make this possible.
(c) Explain why capillary walls do not need to be as thick as artery walls. Refer to blood pressure in your answer.
