Instructions
- Answer all questions.
- Write your answers in the spaces provided.
- The number of marks available is shown in [ ] after each question or part.
- For calculation questions, always show your working.
Section A — Recall
Questions 1–5 • Definitions and short statements
1.
Define the term birth rate. [2]
2.
Define the term fertility rate. [2]
3.
State what natural increase means and write the formula used to calculate it. [2]
4.
Name any TWO stages of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM). [2]
5.
State ONE measure used by France as part of its pro-natalist policy. [1]
Section B — Application
Questions 6–10 • Calculations, interpret data, short explanations
6.
A country has a birth rate of 28 per 1,000 and a death rate of 11 per 1,000.
Calculate the natural increase. State whether the population is growing or shrinking. Show your working. [3]
Calculate the natural increase. State whether the population is growing or shrinking. Show your working. [3]
7.
Explain why the world’s total population is still increasing, even though the global growth rate has slowed down. [3]
8.
Explain the difference between birth rate and fertility rate. [3]
9.
China introduced the One-Child Policy as an anti-natalist measure.
Explain ONE positive impact and ONE negative impact of this policy on birth rates. [4]
Explain ONE positive impact and ONE negative impact of this policy on birth rates. [4]
10.
A country is in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model.
Describe what its birth rate and death rate are like, and explain what this means for the size of its population. [3]
Describe what its birth rate and death rate are like, and explain what this means for the size of its population. [3]
Section C — Challenge
Questions 11–15 • Multi-part and extended answers
11.
This question is about the Demographic Transition Model (DTM).
(a)
State what the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) shows. [1]
(b)
Describe what happens to the birth rate and death rate in Stage 2 of the DTM. Explain why the death rate falls in this stage. [4]
(c)
Give ONE strength and ONE limitation of the DTM. [4]
12.
This question is about migration.
(a)
Define the term migration. [1]
(b)
Explain how immigration can cause a country’s population to grow. [2]
(c)
Explain how emigration can cause a country’s population to decline. State which type of country — high-income or low-income — is more likely to experience high emigration. [3]
13.
This question is about population policies.
(a)
Explain the difference between a pro-natalist policy and an anti-natalist policy. [2]
(b)
Using France as an example, explain what the government did and describe the effect on birth rates. [4]
(c)
Evaluate whether anti-natalist policies are effective at reducing birth rates. Use China’s One-Child Policy in your answer. Include at least ONE positive and ONE negative impact. [6]
14.
Describe TWO patterns or trends in global population growth. [4]
15.
A country has a birth rate of 9 per 1,000 and a death rate of 12 per 1,000.
(a)
(i) Calculate the natural increase. Show your working. [1]
(ii) What does this result tell you about the country’s population? [2]
(b)
Which stage of the DTM does this country most likely belong to? Give ONE reason for your answer. [2]
(c)
Give ONE challenge that a country with a declining population faces. [2]
